Biography
Born Shawn Corey Carter, 4 December 1969, Brooklyn, New York City, New York, USA. Raised in Brooklyn, Carter was a school friend of the Notorious BornI.G. He first started releasing records in the late 80s, part-financing his music by hustling. In 1990, he appeared on records by his close friend Jaz ("The Originators") and Original Flavor ("Can I Get Open'), and later scored an underground hit single with 1995"s "In My Lifetime". Drawing on Jaz's dealings with mercenary labels, Jay-Z set-up his own Roc-A-Fella imprint in 1996 with entrepreneur Damon Dash and Kareem "Biggs" Burke.
His debut set, Reasonable Doubt, went on to achieve gold sales and produced the US number 50 pop single "Ain't No Nigga"/"Dead Presidents", featuring future rap star Foxy Brown. The album, which reached US number 23 in July, attracted fans with a mixture of hard-hitting street lyrics and rhymes, epitomized by the collaboration with Notorious BornI.G. on "Brooklyn's Finest'. The follow-up In My Lifetime, Vol. 1 was released in the aftermath of Notorious BornI.G.'s murder, and debuted at US number 3 in November 1997. Featuring guest appearances from Puff Daddy, Lil" Kim, Too Short, BLACKstreet and DJ Premier, this sombre and intensely personal album included the stand-out tracks "You Must Love Me" and "Where I'm From".
His debut set, Reasonable Doubt, went on to achieve gold sales and produced the US number 50 pop single "Ain't No Nigga"/"Dead Presidents", featuring future rap star Foxy Brown. The album, which reached US number 23 in July, attracted fans with a mixture of hard-hitting street lyrics and rhymes, epitomized by the collaboration with Notorious BornI.G. on "Brooklyn's Finest'. The follow-up In My Lifetime, Vol. 1 was released in the aftermath of Notorious BornI.G.'s murder, and debuted at US number 3 in November 1997. Featuring guest appearances from Puff Daddy, Lil" Kim, Too Short, BLACKstreet and DJ Premier, this sombre and intensely personal album included the stand-out tracks "You Must Love Me" and "Where I'm From".
Although in demand as a guest artist, Jay-Z found the time to write, produce, and direct the semi-autobiographical short Streets Is Watching. The gold-selling soundtrack introduced several of Roc-A-Fella's rising stars, including Memphis Bleek, Rell and Diamonds In The Rough, and featured the hit single "It's Alright". Jay-Z then became a major star with the hit singles, "Can I Get A ... " and "Hard Knock Life (Ghetto Anthem)", the latter built around a line from the musical Annie. One of the more bizarre samples to be used on a hip-hop track, the single nevertheless became an international hit (UK number 2, December 1998/US number 15, March 1999). The album of the same name featured hotshot producer Timbaland, in addition to the usual team of Ski and DJ Premier. Guest rappers included DMX, Foxy Brown and Too Short, on a package that diluted Jay-Z's hard-hitting lyrical edge in an attempt to corner the crossover market. Vol. 2 " Hard Knock Life easily succeeded in its aim, staying at US number 1 for five weeks before finally being deposed by Alanis Morissette's new album.
Despite a hectic schedule as a guest producer/writer and rapper, Jay-Z still found the time to enter the studio and record tracks for his new album. Released in December 1999, Vol. 3 ... Life And Times Of S. Carter confirmed his status as one of hip-hop's most popular artists when it topped the album charts the following month. The following year's The Dynasty: Roc La Familia 2000, another US chart-topper, was originally planned as a supergroup collaboration with fellow Roc-A-Fella rappers Beanie Sigel, Memphis Bleek and Amil. Jay-Z's remarkable roll continued with 2001's The Blueprint, another stellar work putting him out front as the current leader of the genre. The same December he was sentenced to three years probation for stabbing record producer Lance "Un" Rivera at a New York nightclub two years previously. He announced in October 2003 that he would gradually retire from recording and performing and devote his time to the business side of the music industry. New recordings continued to emerge during the next two years, and collaborations with R. Kelly and Linkin Park both topped the US charts. A significant development in Jay-Z's career took place in December 2004 when he was named president and CEO of Def Jam Recordings.
Discography:
Reasonable Doubt (Roc-A-Fella 1996)***, In My Lifetime, Vol. 1 ... (Roc-A-Fella/Def Jam 1997)****, Vol. 2 ... Hard Knock Life (Roc-A-Fella/Def Jam 1998)***, Vol. 3 ... Life And Times Of S. Carter (Roc-A-Fella/Def Jam 1999)****, The Dynasty: Roc La Familia 2000 (Roc-A-Fella/Def Jam 2000)****, The Blueprint (Roc-A-Fella/Def Jam 2001)****, MTV Unplugged (Roc-A-Fella/Def Jam 2001)***, with R. Kelly The Best Of Both Worlds (Def Jam/Jive 2002)**, The Blueprint2 The Gift & The Curse (Roc-A-Fella 2002)***, Blueprint 2.1 (Roc-A-Fella 2003)***, The Black Album (Roc-A-Fella 2003)***, The Black Album: Acappella (Roc-A-Fella 2004)***, with R. Kelly 2004 Unfinished Business (Jive 2004)***, with Linkin Park Collision Course (WEA 2004)**.
Compilations:
Chapter One (BMG 2002)****, Bring It On: The Best Of (BMG 2004)****.
Filmography:
Backstage (2000).
Music Albums
Reasonable Doubt [PA]
Roc-A-Fella Catalog (EMD)
06/25/1996
In My Lifetime Vol. 1 [PA]
Def Jam
11/04/1997
Vol. 2 Hard Knock Life [PA]
Def Jam
09/29/1998
Vol. 2 Hard Knock Life [Edited]
Def Jam
09/29/1998
Reasonable Doubt [Edited]
Roc-A-Fella Catalog (EMD)
06/25/1996
Reasonable Doubt (Reissue) [PA]
Roc-A-Fella Catalog (EMD)
01/26/1999
Reasonable Doubt (Reissue) [Edited]
Roc-A-Fella Catalog (EMD)
01/26/1999
Vol. 3... Life & Times Of S. Carter [PA]
Roc-A-Fella Records
12/28/1999
In My Lifetime Vol. 1 [Edited]
Def Jam
11/04/1997
Vol. 3...Life And Times Of S. Carter [Edited]
Roc-A-Fella Records
12/28/1999
The Dynasty: Roc La Familia 2000 [PA]
Roc-A-Fella Records
10/31/2000
The Dynasty: Roc La Familia 2000 [Edited]
Roc-A-Fella Records
10/31/2000
The Blueprint [PA]
Roc-A-Fella Records
09/11/2001
The Blueprint [Edited]
Roc-A-Fella Records
09/11/2001
Jay-Z Live... MTV Unplugged [PA]
Roc-A-Fella Records
12/18/2001
Jay-Z Live... MTV Unplugged [Edited]
Roc-A-Fella Records
12/18/2001
The Blueprint 2: The Gift & The Curse [PA]
Def Jam
11/12/2002
The Blueprint 2: The Gift & The Curse [Edited]
Def Jam
11/12/2002
Blueprint 2.1 [PA]
Def Jam
04/08/2003
Blueprint 2.1 [Edited]
Def Jam
04/08/2003
The Black Album [PA]
Def Jam
11/14/2003
The Black Album [Edited]
Def Jam
11/14/2003
The Black Album (Acapella) [PA]
Roc-A-Fella Records
05/11/2004
Source: Encyclopedia of Popular Music
